Saturday 22 September 2012

The Swedish merchant fleet during World War 1

Some Swedish merchant ships were marked with a flag showing the Swedish colours

Neutral Sweden was not a participating nation in the World War 1, but still the country was in many ways affected by the war. Particularly, the Swedish merchant fleet was hit quite hard; during the war years it lost altogether 194 ships, 17% of its total tonnage. 


1918 map of submarine blockade zones
Almost all Swedish ship losses happened in the submarine zone (the German U-boat blockade zone) around the British Isles (mainly in the North Sea and the English Channel). No ship losses were recorded in the Baltic


Map of mine fields and other mined and dangerous areas in the Baltic
(published by Reichs Marine Amt, 1919)

Of the 194 ship losses 124 were caused by submarines, whereas 36 ships were lost because of mines. Altogether 437 Swedish sailors lost their life due to the war. 
German, Danish and Swedish mine fields in Øresund (1916)
A German U-boat holding up a Spanish steamer
The Swedish steamer Hispania had a white and red zebra painting, indicating that it was entitled to sail through the  U-boat zone when departing the UK. 
Workers inspecting damage caused by a mine on the Swedish steamer Thyra in April 1919
In July 1917 the Swedish steamer Vanland was hit by a torpedo
In March 1916 the steamer Martha hit a mine field close to the Falsterbo reef, but could be towed to Malmö
Of course the Swedish losses were rather modest when compared to the losses suffered by the warfaring nations. Britain e.g. lost 2475 merchant ships and 670 fishing boats, and 15 000 British sailors lost their life during World War 1. 


(Source: Article by Axel Lindblad in the book Sveriges Sjöfart, published in 1921)

5 comments:

  1. Thankyou for this site, my great grandfather Aleksander Krilovs (possibly a different spelling) was a merchant navy captain in Sweden, he died at sea and had a sea burial.

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    1. Thank you very much for your comment. I am pleased that you like my blog. Your great grandfather was one of the many mariners who died at sea during those terrible war years. Do you know the name of the ship he commanded?

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  2. No, this is the problem. I believe he died 1928-1938, the death may even have been natural causes. We have found nothing else except he left a widow Annette and a son Valdis.

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  3. Hello from Canada. Great site. Thank you for putting it together.

    I am researching a British merchant seaman who was taken from a "Swedish passenger steamer" (according to his record) by a German patrol in the Baltic in September 1914. The only other piece of information I have is that the "Swedish passenger steamer" left from St Petersburg on this particular voyage.

    Do you think there is any way one could identify the "Swedish passenger steamer" in question, with only this paucity of information?

    Thank you for any suggestions.

    Cheers,
    Glen

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  4. My grandfather was a Swede from Holmsund, but he worked on a Norwegian merchant ship in 1916 called Ivanhoe which was sunk by U56 near Vardo on Nov 1, 1916. Do you know what sort of "Seamen's Card" or certification of competence he would have been required to have?

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